Cone-beam computed tomography as a diagnostic method for determination of gingival thickness and distance between gingival margin and bone crest.

The objective of the present study was to assess cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) as a diagnostic method for determination of gingival thickness (GT) and distance between gingival margin and vestibular (GMBC-V) and interproximal bone crests (GMBC-I). GT and GMBC-V were measured in 348 teeth and GMBC-I was measured in 377 tooth regions of 29 patients with gummy smile. GT was assessed using transgingival probing (TP), ultrasound (US), and CBCT, whereas GMBC-V and GMBC-I were assessed by transsurgical clinical evaluation (TCE) and CBCT. Statistical analyses used independent t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and simple linear regression. Difference was observed for GT: between TP, CBCT, and US considering all teeth; between TP and CBCT and between TP and US in incisors and canines; between TP and US in premolars and first molars. TP presented the highest means for GT. Positive correlation and linear regression were observed between TP and CBCT, TP and US, and CBCT and US. Difference was observed for GMBC-V and GMBC-I using TCE and CBCT, considering all teeth. Correlation and linear regression results were significant for GMBC-V and GMBC-I in incisors, canines, and premolars. CBCT is an effective diagnostic method to visualize and measure GT, GMBC-V, and GMBC-I.

Detection of selected bacterial species in intraoral sites of patients with chronic periodontitis using multiplex polymerase chain reaction.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to detect the prevalence of selected bacterial species in intraoral sites of patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). METHODOLOGY: Samples were collected from the tongue dorsum, buccal mucosa, supragingival and subgingival plaque and saliva of 30 patients with untreated CP. Multiplex PCR was used to determine prevalence rates, which were then compared using a chi-square test. Significance level was set at p<0.05. Mean and standard deviation values were used to evaluate variations in prevalence according to site. RESULTS: The prevalence of S. mutans was 70% in saliva; 60% in samples collected from the tongue dorsum; 50% in samples collected from the buccal mucosa; 56.5% in the supragingival plaque; and 53.5% in the subgingival plaque. The prevalence of E. faecalis ranged from 3.5% to 13.5% in all intraoral microenvironment. The highest prevalence of P. gingivalis was found in subgingival plaque (53.5%), and of P. intermedia in supragingival plaque (33.5%), subgingival plaque (30%) and tongue dorsum (33.5%). The prevalence of bacteria did not vary significantly among the intraoral sites. CONCLUSIONS: All studied bacteria were identified in intraoral sites. S. mutans, P. gingivalis and P. intermedia had high prevalence rates, but the prevalence of E. faecalis was low. Multiplex PCR proved to be an adequate method for epidemiological studies.

Detection of selected bacterial species in intraoral sites of patients with chronic periodontitis using multiplex polymerase chain reaction

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to detect the prevalence of selected bacterial species in intraoral sites of patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). METHODOLOGY: Samples were collected from the tongue dorsum, buccal mucosa, supragingival and subgingival plaque and saliva of 30 patients with untreated CP. Multiplex PCR was used to determine prevalence rates, which were then compared using a chi-square test. Significance level was set at p<0.05. Mean and standard deviation values were used to evaluate variations in prevalence according to site. RESULTS: The prevalence of S. mutans was 70 percent in saliva; 60 percent in samples collected from the tongue dorsum; 50 percent in samples collected from the buccal mucosa; 56.5 percent in the supragingival plaque; and 53.5 percent in the subgingival plaque. The prevalence of E. faecalis ranged from 3.5 percent to 13.5 percent in all intraoral microenvironment. The highest prevalence of P. gingivalis was found in subgingival plaque (53.5 percent), and of P. intermedia in supragingival plaque (33.5 percent), subgingival plaque (30 percent) and tongue dorsum (33.5 percent). The prevalence of bacteria did not vary significantly among the intraoral sites. CONCLUSIONS: All studied bacteria were identified in intraoral sites. S. mutans, P. gingivalis and P. intermedia had high prevalence rates, but the prevalence of E. faecalis was low. Multiplex PCR proved to be an adequate method for epidemiological studies.

Dimensão e composição das distâncias biológicas em dentes e implantes / Dimension and composition of biological width around natural teeth and osseointegrated implants: a review

Atualmente, a Implantodontia é uma opção de tratamento de caráter inegável, com efetiva comprovação técnica e científica. Por ser considerado um excelente substituto artificial da raiz dentária, o implante merece abranger o máximo de pesquisas, a fim de oferecer esclarecimentos e otimizar os resultados com esta terapia. Objetivos: este artigo objetivou revisar a literatura atual relacionada à composição e a dimensão do espaço biológico ao redor dos dentes naturais e implantes osseointegrados, bem como identificar os fatores que podem influenciar o desenvolvimento e a estabilidade desta dimensão biológica ao redor dos implantes. Métodos: artigos de língua inglesa relacionados ao tema, publicados entre 1961 e 2009, foram identificados utilizando-se o Medline e os seguintes unitermos: peri-implant sulcus, periodontal parameters, vertical and horizontal distances teeth implants, papilla. Os mesmos foram relacionados e discutidos considerando-se cada um dos possíveis fatores que interferem na dimensão e composição das distâncias biológicas em dentes e implantes osseointegrados. Conclusão: a literatura revisada aponta a existência de um espaço biológico ao redor dos implantes, e este constitui uma unidade fisiológica estável semelhante àquela encontrada ao redor dos dentes. O tecido gengival e a mucosa peri-implantar apresentam algumas características comuns, sendo diferentes em aspectos como composição do tecido conjuntivo, direcionamento das fibras colágenas e número de vasos sanguíneos.

Currently, dental implants are a treatment option with scientific and technical evidence. To be considered an excellent substitute of the artificial dental root, the implant deserves to enclose maximum of research in order to offer greater clarification and better results. Objectives: The aim of this study was to make a literature review on the composition and dimensions of biological width around natural teeth and osseointegrated implants, and to identify the factors which may influence the development and stability of these distances as well. Methods: articles in the English language published between 1961 and 2009 were electronically identified at Medline using the following uniterms: "peri-implant sulcus", "periodontal parameters", "vertical and horizontal distances", "teeth", "implants", and "papilla". They were related and discussed considering the factors which influence biological distances around teeth and implants. Conclusions: This literature review concluded that: 1) there is a biological width around implants and this constitutes a stable physiological unit similar to that found around teeth; 2) the gingival tissue and the peri-implant mucosa present some common characteristics, but they differ in some aspects, such as composition of connective tissue, direction of collagen fibers and number of blood vessels.

Correlação entre espessura gengival nos enxertos gengivais livres na determinação do "creeping attachment" / Correlation between gingival thickness in the free gingival grafts in the determination of the creeping attachment

Foi avaliada a relação da espessura do enxerto gengival livre com o potencial desta margem gengival migrar em direção coronal (Creeping Attachment) em pacientes com indicação para este tipo de cirurgia, fazendo uma correlação com as distâncias biológicas. As cirurgias de enxerto gengival autógeno livre foram realizadas em 34 pacientes da Universidade Federal de Goiás (num total de 65 dentes), sendo onze do sexo masculino e vinte e três do feminino. As cirurgias foram realizadas sem o objetivo de recobrimento radicular. Na avaliação inicial foram tomadas as medidas pré-operatórias relativas à profundidade do sulco gengival, recessão gengival e quantidade e espessura da gengiva queratinizada e nível de inserção. As mesmas medidas realizadas na avaliação inicial foram repetidas após trinta dias, 3 e 6 meses e 1 ano pós-operatórios. Os resultados mostraram correlação estatísticamente significante entre a espessura do enxerto e o "Creeping Attachment". Esses resultados sugerem que houve influência decisiva da espessura gengival na determinação das características da gengiva queratinizada resultante, com redução da recessão gengival e posicionamento coronal da margem gengival. No entanto, a ocorrência e a quantidade exata de "Creeping Attachment" não é previsível e não são conhecidos todos os fatores envolvidos.

Dental traction as a solution for cosmetic problems of endodontic origin with periodontal impairment / Tração dentária como uma solução de problemas cosméticos de origem endodôntica com comprometimento periodontal

The purpose of the study is demonstrate the use of dental traction as an alternative treatment for unsuccessful lateral sealing of the perforation of a tooth prescribed for extraction, in which the patient showed an extensive amalgam tattoo with significant cosmetic impairment

Utilização de tecido obtido de procedimento de gengivectomia interna como material doador para técnica do enxerto livre de gengiva / The use of tissue obtained from internal ginvectomy approach as donor material for free gingival graft technique

Descreve-se neste trabalho uma alternativa clínica para a utilização do material proveniente de uma gengivectomia interna (que normalmente seria desprezado) como material doador para uso de enxerto livre gengival

Análise clínica da temperatura da bolsa periodontal como método diagnóstico em periodontia / Clinical analysis of the periodontal pocket temperature as diagnosis method in periodontics

Há crescente evidência de que somente um pequeno grupo de indivíduos apresenta risco de perder grande número de dentes devido à periodontite destrutiva. Por esta razäo, tem-se procurado desenvolver novos métodos diagnósticos para identificar quais seriam estes indivíduos de maior risco e o momento que ocorreria tal perda óssea. Como a temperatura subgengival vem, ao longo dos anos, mostrando relacionamento com a presença da doença periodontal, há necessidade de maior compreensäo deste tipo de medida física e de uma avaliaçäo da temperatura como método diagnóstico. Foram selecionados 29 indivíduos de risco para a doença periodontal. Inicialmente foram feitos raspagem e polimento supra e subgengival, com aparelho ultrasônico em todos os dentes, para a padronizaçäo da amostra...

Tratamento de lesöes de furca pela técnica da regeneraçäo tecidual guiada associada ou näo ao enxerto ósseo em neo-formaçäo / Furcation lesions treatment by the technique of guided tissue regeneration associated or not to the newly forming bone graft

Analisou-se o comportamento clínico de lesöes de furca (molares inferiores). No grupo controle tratou-se as áreas com aplicaçäo de ácido pH 1,0 mais a colocaçäo de membrana (Millipore) e no grupo experimental associou-se estas técnicas com a utilizaçäo de enxerto com osso em neo-formaçäo. Os parâmetros clínicos analisados foram: profundidade de sondagem, recessäo, inserçäo à sondagem e penetraçäo horizontal da sonda na furca. Os resultados mostraram que a associaçäo do ácido com membrana foi superior à técnica onde foi utilizado o enxerto ósseo em neo-formaçäo

Guided tissue regeneration combined with a creation of an extra supracrestal bone space in surgically produced dehiscence-type defect. An experimental study in the dog

The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the use of mechanic barrier far from the radicular surface to archieve a supracrestal space in the guided tissue regeneration-procedure over teeth with dehiscence-type defects in 3 mongreal dogs. Two 4th premolars were used in each dog. Following the elevation of a mucoperiosteal flap, exposed root surface was scaled and planned. Prior to suturing, in each dog, a mechanic barrier (Millipore filter) strip of steel matrix nd the barrier werenÆt applied. The histological analysis after 3 months revealed a limited new a similar length of dento-gingival epithelium for both groups. Tehre was statistically significant difference in the suggest that the mode of mechanic barrier application used to achieve a supracrestal space is critical to its proper performance in the guided tissue regeneration-procedure